Depth of field is a powerful tool in telling the viewer what you consider important in the photo by sharpening the main subject while on the other hand blurring out any other distracting images surrounding it. For example in this photo below you can see the difference between the original photo and the one with the blurred background. 
When most of the photo is sharp, there's lots of depth of field. When only part is sharp, the depth of field is limited. As you'll see in this demonstration below the size of the field zone is determined by three main things:1) the aperture of the lens
Experimenting with your camera lens aperture and focal length will help give you complete control over the depth-of-field in a photo.
Chances are not everything in your picture will be the same distance from the camera. In some cases you want as much of the photo in focus as possible (when shooting a group of people for instance), but in other cases you can help draw attention to the one subject in focus by having the rest of the background out of focus and therefore blurry (most commonly used in portraits).
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